Short answer: It’s a stand-in.
Long answer: The meaning of "proxied by" in math is about using a related, easier-to-measure thing instead of the ideal one.
Example: Using education level to proxy for job skills in a model.
For tools, Wolfram Alpha’s math docs sometimes explain these terms well.
Long answer: The meaning of "proxied by" in math is about using a related, easier-to-measure thing instead of the ideal one.
Example: Using education level to proxy for job skills in a model.
For tools, Wolfram Alpha’s math docs sometimes explain these terms well.