Oh man, I had the same confusion about the meaning of proxied by in math! From what I’ve seen, it’s often used when one thing stands in for another in a calculation or model. Like, if you can’t measure X directly, you might use Y as a proxy.
Example: In stats, if you’re studying economic growth but don’t have GDP data, you might use nighttime light intensity as a proxy.
Not sure if this helps, but it’s how I’ve seen it used. Also, Wolfram Alpha sometimes has good examples if you dig around.
Example: In stats, if you’re studying economic growth but don’t have GDP data, you might use nighttime light intensity as a proxy.
Not sure if this helps, but it’s how I’ve seen it used. Also, Wolfram Alpha sometimes has good examples if you dig around.