Short answer: It’s a stand-in.
Long answer: The meaning of proxied by in math is about using a substitute when the real thing is messy or unavailable. Think of it like using a placeholder that’s "close enough" for the analysis.
Example: Can’t measure education quality directly? Maybe use test scores as a proxy.
PS: Khan Academy has some decent vids on this if you’re visual.
Long answer: The meaning of proxied by in math is about using a substitute when the real thing is messy or unavailable. Think of it like using a placeholder that’s "close enough" for the analysis.
Example: Can’t measure education quality directly? Maybe use test scores as a proxy.
PS: Khan Academy has some decent vids on this if you’re visual.