Can someone explain the meaning of 'proxied by' in simple terms? or What exactly does 'proxied by' me

Short answer: It means a proxy server is handling your connection.

Longer answer: Proxies can do tons—cache data, block ads, mask your location. "Proxied by" just tells you which proxy is doing the work.

Like, if you see "proxied by Nginx," it means Nginx is the middleman.

Try Charles Proxy if you wanna play around with it.